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The Sleep of Depressed Patients: Title and subTitle BreakAn EEG and Eye Movement Study

S. C. GRESHAM, MD; H. W. AGNEW, JR., MA; ROBERT L. WILLIAMS, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication April 2, 1965.

Read before the Southern EEG Society, Memphis, November 1964.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, J. Hillis Miller Medical Center, Gainesville, Fla 32603 (Mr. Agnew).


Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965;13(6):503-507. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01730060021003
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Introduction  IT IS A common clinical impression that depressed patients obtain less sleep, experience early morning awakening, and complain of less restful sleep. Diaz-Guerrero et al5 studied the sleep of six manic-depressive psychotics, depressive type, by recording their all-night electroencephalogram (EEG). They report that, after excluding the waking record time, the patients had twice as much low voltage recording of light sleep as controls, half as much spindles plus random, and more sleep depth changes.Oswald et al7 studied the effect of heptabarbital on six depressed patients and six controls by recording for each the all-night EEG and electro-oculogram (EOG) for four successive nights. The drug was administered in 400 mg doses on two of the four nights. They report no abnormality in the sleep which was characteristic of this group of depressed patients other than excessive wakefulness, which was equally

REFERENCES

Beck, A.T., et al:  An Inventory for Measuring Depression , Arch Gen Psychiat 4:561-571, 1961;.
Cutler, R.P., and Kurland, H.D.:  Clinical Quantification of Depressive Reactions , Arch Gen Psychiat 5:280-285, 1961;.
Dement, W., and Kleitman, N.:  Cyclic Variation in EEG During Sleep and Their Relation to Eye Movements, Body Motility, and Sleep , Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 9:673-690, 1957;.
Dement, W.: REM Scoring Manual, Personal communication to the authors.
Diaz-Guerrero, R.; Gottlieb, J.; and Knott, J.:  The Sleep of Patients With Manic-Depressive Psychosis, Depressive Type: An Electroencephalgraphic Study , Psychosom Med 8:399-404, 1946;.
Kleitman, N.: Sleep and Wakefulness , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1962;.
Oswald, I., et al:  Melancholia and Barbiturates: A Controlled EKG, Body and Eye Movement Study of Sleep , Brit J Psychiat 109:66-78, 1963;.
Overall, J.E., and Gorham, D.R.:  Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Psychol Rep 10:799-812, 1962;.
Williams, R.L.; Agnew, Jr., H.W.; and Webb, W.B.:  Sleep Patterns in Young Adults: An EEG Study , Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 17:386-391, 1964;.

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Beck, A.T., et al:  An Inventory for Measuring Depression , Arch Gen Psychiat 4:561-571, 1961;.
Cutler, R.P., and Kurland, H.D.:  Clinical Quantification of Depressive Reactions , Arch Gen Psychiat 5:280-285, 1961;.
Dement, W., and Kleitman, N.:  Cyclic Variation in EEG During Sleep and Their Relation to Eye Movements, Body Motility, and Sleep , Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 9:673-690, 1957;.
Dement, W.: REM Scoring Manual, Personal communication to the authors.
Diaz-Guerrero, R.; Gottlieb, J.; and Knott, J.:  The Sleep of Patients With Manic-Depressive Psychosis, Depressive Type: An Electroencephalgraphic Study , Psychosom Med 8:399-404, 1946;.
Kleitman, N.: Sleep and Wakefulness , Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1962;.
Oswald, I., et al:  Melancholia and Barbiturates: A Controlled EKG, Body and Eye Movement Study of Sleep , Brit J Psychiat 109:66-78, 1963;.
Overall, J.E., and Gorham, D.R.:  Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale , Psychol Rep 10:799-812, 1962;.
Williams, R.L.; Agnew, Jr., H.W.; and Webb, W.B.:  Sleep Patterns in Young Adults: An EEG Study , Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 17:386-391, 1964;.

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