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August 1965, Vol 13, No. 2 >
Article | August 1965

Anterospective Data Following Childhood Loss of a Parent: Title and subTitle BreakI. Delinquency and High School Dropout

IAN GREGORY, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Feb 16, 1965.

Reprint requests to Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210.


Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1965;13(2):99-109. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01730020001001
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Review of Retrospective Studies  DURING the present century there have been numerous retrospective studies of adolescents and adults with psychopathology, in which the latter has been at least partly attributed to high frequencies of broken homes during their childhood. Soon after the establishment of juvenile courts in the United States, it was reported that 40% to 50% of all delinquent children came from broken homes.9,12,27 Although the quality of parental care was recognized as significant, the disruption of the home was often considered a primary causal factor in delinquency.A number of early attempts at controlled comparison with general population data led to the conclusion that delinquent children had about twice the proportion of broken homes as did children in the general population.22 However, Shaw and McKay29 compared delinquent boys with other boys drawn from the public school population of the same

REFERENCES

1 +
Ainsworth, M. D., in Deprivation of Maternal Care: Reassessment of Its Effects , Geneva: World Health Organization Public Health Paper No. 14, 1962;, pp 97-165.
2 +
Andry, R. G.: Delinquency and Parental Pathology , London: Methuen, 1960;.
3 +
Archibald, H. C., et al: Psychosom Med 24:343-351, 1962;.
4 +
Barry, H., Jr.: Amer J Orthopsychiat 9:355-359, 1939;.
5 +
Barry, H., Jr.: Arch Neurol Psychiat 62:630-637, 1949;.
6 +
Barry, H., Jr., and Lindemann, E.: Psychosom Med 22:166-181, 1960;.
7 +
Beck, A. T.; Sethi, B. B.; and Tuthill, R. W.: Arch Gen Psychiat 9:295-302, 1963;.
8 +
Bowlby, J.: Maternal Care and Mental Health , WHO Monogr Ser No. 2, 1951;.
9 +
Breckenridge, S. T., and Abbott, E.: Delinquent Child and Home , New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1912;.
10 +
Brown, F.: J Ment Sci 107:747-777, 1961;.
11 +
Cavan, R. S.: Adolescent and Family , New York Appleton-Century Co., 1934;, p 220-221.
12 +
Ellwood: Survey 24:886-889, 1910;.
13 +
Glueck, S., and Glueck, E.: Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency , Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1950;, pp 88-91, 122-125.
14 +
Gregory, I.: Amer J Psychiat 115:432-442, 1958;.
15 +
Gregory, I.: Acta Genet 9:71-75, 1959;.
16 +
Gregory, I.: Milbank Mem Fund Quart, to be published.
17 +
Hathaway, S. R., and Monachesi, E. D.: Adolescent Personality and Behavior , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1963;.
18 +
Hilgard, J. R., and Newman, M. F.: J Nerv Ment Dis 137:14-28, 1963;.
19 +
Hodgkiss, M.: Smith College Stud Soc Work 3:259-274, 1933;.
20 +
Langner, T. S., and Michael, S. T.: Life Stress and Mental Health , New York, Free Press of Glencoe, a division of the Macmillan Co., 1963;, p 158-191.
21 +
Lichter, S. O., et al: Drop-Outs , New York: Free Press of Glencoe, a division of the Macmillan Co., 1962;.
22 +
Monahan, T. P.: Social Forces 35:250-258, 1957;.
23 +
Norton, A.: Brit J Soc Med 6:256, 1952;.
24 +
Oltman, J. E.; McGarry, J. J.; and Friedman, S.: Amer J Psychiat 108:685-694, 1952;.
25 +
Pitts, F. N., Jr., et al: Amer J Psychiat, to be published.
26 +
Pollock, G. H.: Arch Gen Psychiat 7:295-305, 1962;.
27 +
Rhoades, M.: Amer J Soc 13:3-25, 1907;.
28 +
Schofield, W., and Balian, L.: J Abnorm Soc Psychol 59:216-225, 1959;.
29 +
Shaw, C. R., and McKay, H. D.: Social Forces 10:514-524, 1932;.
30 +
Smith, C. M., and McIntyre, S.: J Neuropsychiat 5:254-256, 1964;.
31 +
Toby, J.: Amer Soc Rev 22:505-512, 1957;.
32 +
Wardwell, W. I., and Bahnson, C. B.: Amer J Public Health 54:972-981, 1964;.
33 +
Wootton, B., in Deprivation of Maternal Care: Reassessment of Its Effects , Geneva: World Health Organization Public Health Paper No. 14, 1962;, p 63-73.
34 +
Zwerling, I., et al: Amer J Psychiat 112:270-276, 1955;.

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1 +
Ainsworth, M. D., in Deprivation of Maternal Care: Reassessment of Its Effects , Geneva: World Health Organization Public Health Paper No. 14, 1962;, pp 97-165.
2 +
Andry, R. G.: Delinquency and Parental Pathology , London: Methuen, 1960;.
3 +
Archibald, H. C., et al: Psychosom Med 24:343-351, 1962;.
4 +
Barry, H., Jr.: Amer J Orthopsychiat 9:355-359, 1939;.
5 +
Barry, H., Jr.: Arch Neurol Psychiat 62:630-637, 1949;.
6 +
Barry, H., Jr., and Lindemann, E.: Psychosom Med 22:166-181, 1960;.
7 +
Beck, A. T.; Sethi, B. B.; and Tuthill, R. W.: Arch Gen Psychiat 9:295-302, 1963;.
8 +
Bowlby, J.: Maternal Care and Mental Health , WHO Monogr Ser No. 2, 1951;.
9 +
Breckenridge, S. T., and Abbott, E.: Delinquent Child and Home , New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1912;.
10 +
Brown, F.: J Ment Sci 107:747-777, 1961;.
11 +
Cavan, R. S.: Adolescent and Family , New York Appleton-Century Co., 1934;, p 220-221.
12 +
Ellwood: Survey 24:886-889, 1910;.
13 +
Glueck, S., and Glueck, E.: Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency , Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1950;, pp 88-91, 122-125.
14 +
Gregory, I.: Amer J Psychiat 115:432-442, 1958;.
15 +
Gregory, I.: Acta Genet 9:71-75, 1959;.
16 +
Gregory, I.: Milbank Mem Fund Quart, to be published.
17 +
Hathaway, S. R., and Monachesi, E. D.: Adolescent Personality and Behavior , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1963;.
18 +
Hilgard, J. R., and Newman, M. F.: J Nerv Ment Dis 137:14-28, 1963;.
19 +
Hodgkiss, M.: Smith College Stud Soc Work 3:259-274, 1933;.
20 +
Langner, T. S., and Michael, S. T.: Life Stress and Mental Health , New York, Free Press of Glencoe, a division of the Macmillan Co., 1963;, p 158-191.
21 +
Lichter, S. O., et al: Drop-Outs , New York: Free Press of Glencoe, a division of the Macmillan Co., 1962;.
22 +
Monahan, T. P.: Social Forces 35:250-258, 1957;.
23 +
Norton, A.: Brit J Soc Med 6:256, 1952;.
24 +
Oltman, J. E.; McGarry, J. J.; and Friedman, S.: Amer J Psychiat 108:685-694, 1952;.
25 +
Pitts, F. N., Jr., et al: Amer J Psychiat, to be published.
26 +
Pollock, G. H.: Arch Gen Psychiat 7:295-305, 1962;.
27 +
Rhoades, M.: Amer J Soc 13:3-25, 1907;.
28 +
Schofield, W., and Balian, L.: J Abnorm Soc Psychol 59:216-225, 1959;.
29 +
Shaw, C. R., and McKay, H. D.: Social Forces 10:514-524, 1932;.
30 +
Smith, C. M., and McIntyre, S.: J Neuropsychiat 5:254-256, 1964;.
31 +
Toby, J.: Amer Soc Rev 22:505-512, 1957;.
32 +
Wardwell, W. I., and Bahnson, C. B.: Amer J Public Health 54:972-981, 1964;.
33 +
Wootton, B., in Deprivation of Maternal Care: Reassessment of Its Effects , Geneva: World Health Organization Public Health Paper No. 14, 1962;, p 63-73.
34 +
Zwerling, I., et al: Amer J Psychiat 112:270-276, 1955;.

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