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Autoimmunity in Chronic Brain Syndrome: Title and subTitle BreakA Preliminary Report

John R. Tkach, MS; Yoshitsugi Hokama, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Submitted for publication Oct 1, 1969.

Reprint requests to the Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96816 (Dr. Hokama).


Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1970;23(1):61-64. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01750010063011
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CHRONIC brain syndrome is characterized by diffuse, irreversible damage to brain tissue function of unknown etiology.1 The patient experiences progressive impairment of orientation, memory, intellect, judgment, and affect. Electroencephalogram findings often reflect diffuse brain damage. At present, the prognosis is poor. Psychotic and neurotic personality disturbances related to preexisting personality patterns frequently arise.

Two major mechanisms have been proposed to account for autoimmune disease: (1) breakdown in sequestration of antigen (Ag) and (2) loss of immune tolerance. Several investigators have suggested that certain Ag like thyroglobulin, lens protein, and central nervous system (CNS) Ag are normally sequestered and do not constitute accessible Ag.2 One may predict that an injury or pathologic process which allows these normally sequestered CNS Ag to escape into the general circulation would create accessible Ag leading to immune response. This may be of either the circulating antibody (ab) type or cellular immunity type. As

REFERENCES

Freedman AM, Kaplan HI: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1967;.
Mackay IR, Burnet FM: Autoimmune Diseases . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1963;.
Paterson PY:  Experimental allergic encephalitic and autoimmune disease . Advances Immun 5:131-208, 1966;.
McKay GG:  Practical application of immunoelectrophoresis , in Dettelbach HR, Ritzmann SE (eds): Lab Synopsis: Diagnostic Reagents Bulletin . Kansas City, Mo, Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1967;, vol 2, pp 1-8.
Storiko K:  Normal values for 23 different human plasma proteins determined by single radial immunodiffusion . Blut 16:200-208, 1968;.
Ouchterlony O:  Diffusion-in-gel methods for immunological analysis: II .Progr Allerg 6:30-154, 1962;.
Stavitsky AB:  Micromethods for the study of proteins and antibodies: I. Procedure and general application of hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition reactions with tannic acid and protein-treated red blood cells . J Immun 72:360-375, 1954;.
Mack C: Essentials of Statistics for Scientists and Technologists , New York, Plenum Publishing Corp, 1967;.
Fessel WJ:  Autoimmunity and mental illness . Arch Gen Psychiat 6:320-323, 1962;.
Blaw ME, Cooper MD, Good RA:  Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in agammaglobulinemic chickens . Science 158:1198-1200, 1967;.

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Freedman AM, Kaplan HI: Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry . Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co, 1967;.
Mackay IR, Burnet FM: Autoimmune Diseases . Springfield, Ill, Charles C Thomas Publisher, 1963;.
Paterson PY:  Experimental allergic encephalitic and autoimmune disease . Advances Immun 5:131-208, 1966;.
McKay GG:  Practical application of immunoelectrophoresis , in Dettelbach HR, Ritzmann SE (eds): Lab Synopsis: Diagnostic Reagents Bulletin . Kansas City, Mo, Hoechst Pharmaceuticals Inc, 1967;, vol 2, pp 1-8.
Storiko K:  Normal values for 23 different human plasma proteins determined by single radial immunodiffusion . Blut 16:200-208, 1968;.
Ouchterlony O:  Diffusion-in-gel methods for immunological analysis: II .Progr Allerg 6:30-154, 1962;.
Stavitsky AB:  Micromethods for the study of proteins and antibodies: I. Procedure and general application of hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition reactions with tannic acid and protein-treated red blood cells . J Immun 72:360-375, 1954;.
Mack C: Essentials of Statistics for Scientists and Technologists , New York, Plenum Publishing Corp, 1967;.
Fessel WJ:  Autoimmunity and mental illness . Arch Gen Psychiat 6:320-323, 1962;.
Blaw ME, Cooper MD, Good RA:  Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in agammaglobulinemic chickens . Science 158:1198-1200, 1967;.

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