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July 1974, Vol 31, No. 1 >
Article | July 1974

A Family Interview Study of Male Manic Depressives

John E. Helzer, MD; George Winokur, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication April 15, 1974.

Reprint requests to the Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, Barnes and Renard Hospitals, 4940 Audubon Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110 (Dr. Helzer).


Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974;31(1):73-77. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1974.01760130055009
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Comments

Thirty male manic probands and their first-degree relatives were investigated by means of a systematic psychiatric interview in order to determine the frequency of familial illness and possible mode of transmission of bipolar manic-depressive disorder. The infrequency of male-to-male transmission of affective disorder and the relative preponderance of the illness on the maternal side of the family both support similar previous findings that are suggestive of sex linkage in this illness. The incidence of alcoholism was found to be high and more prevalent on the paternal side of the families.

REFERENCES

1 +
Price JS:  The genetics of depressive behavior , in Coppen A, Walk A (eds): Recent Developments in Affective Disorders . Ashford, Kent, England, Headley Bros Ltd, 1968;, pp 37-54.
2 +
Rosenthal D:  Genetic studies of manic-depressive psychosis , in Genetic Theory & Abnormal Behavior . New York, Mcgraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1970;.
3 +
Winokur G, Tanna V:  Possible role of X-linked dominant factor in manic depressive disease . Dis Nerv Syst 30:89-93, 1969;.
4 +
Reich T, Clayton P, Winokur G:  Family history studies: V. The genetics of mania . Am J Psychiatry 125:1358-1369, 1969;.
5 +
Leonhard K: Aufteilung der Endogenen Psychosen . Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1959;.
6 +
Angst J, Perris C:  Zur nosologie endogener depressionen. Vergleich der ergebnisse zweier untersuchugen . Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 210:373-386, 1968;.
7 +
Perris C (ed):  A study of bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychosis (I-X) . Acta Psychiatr Scand , (suppl 194) , p 2, 1966;.
8 +
Winokur G, Clayton P, Reich T: Manic Depressive Illness . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1969;.
9 +
Angst J:  Zur Atiologie und Nosologie Endogener Depressiver Psychosen , No. 112. Monograph in Gesamtge Neurol Psychiat . Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1966;.
10 +
Feighner J, et al:  Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research . Arch Gen Psychiatry 26:57, 1972;.
11 +
Rosanoff AJ, Handy LM, Plesset IR:  The etiology of manic-depressive syndromes with special reference to their occurrence in twins . Am J Psychiatry 91:725-762, 1935;.
12 +
Perris C:  The separation of bipolar (manic-depressive) from unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses . Behav Neuropsychiatry 1:17-24, 1969;.
13 +
Taylor M, Abrams R:  A genetic study of early and late onset affective disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 28:656-658, 1973;.
14 +
Rimmer J, Chambers D:  Alcoholism: Methodological considerations in the study of family illness . Am J Orthopsychiatry 39:760-768, 1969;.
15 +
Gershon E, Dunner D, Goodwin F:  Towards a biology of affective disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 25:1-15, 1971;.
16 +
Winokur G, et al:  Alcoholism: III. Diagnosis and familial psychiatric illness in 259 alcoholic probands . Arch Gen Psychiatry 23:104-111, 1970;.
17 +
Stenstedt A:  A study in manic-depressive psychosis: Clinical, social, & genetic investigations . Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand , (suppl 79) , 1952;, pp 1-111.
18 +
Cadoret R, Winokur G, Clayton P:  Family history studies: VII. Manic-depressive disease versus depressive disease . Br J Psychiatry 116:625-635, 1970;.
19 +
Bratfos O, Haug JO:  The course of manic-depressive psychosis . Acta Psychiatr Scand 44:89-112, 1968;.
20 +
Lundquist G:  Prognosis and course in manic depressive psychoses . Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand , (suppl 35) , 1945;, pp 1-100.

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1 +
Price JS:  The genetics of depressive behavior , in Coppen A, Walk A (eds): Recent Developments in Affective Disorders . Ashford, Kent, England, Headley Bros Ltd, 1968;, pp 37-54.
2 +
Rosenthal D:  Genetic studies of manic-depressive psychosis , in Genetic Theory & Abnormal Behavior . New York, Mcgraw-Hill Book Co Inc, 1970;.
3 +
Winokur G, Tanna V:  Possible role of X-linked dominant factor in manic depressive disease . Dis Nerv Syst 30:89-93, 1969;.
4 +
Reich T, Clayton P, Winokur G:  Family history studies: V. The genetics of mania . Am J Psychiatry 125:1358-1369, 1969;.
5 +
Leonhard K: Aufteilung der Endogenen Psychosen . Berlin, Akademie-Verlag, 1959;.
6 +
Angst J, Perris C:  Zur nosologie endogener depressionen. Vergleich der ergebnisse zweier untersuchugen . Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 210:373-386, 1968;.
7 +
Perris C (ed):  A study of bipolar (manic-depressive) and unipolar recurrent depressive psychosis (I-X) . Acta Psychiatr Scand , (suppl 194) , p 2, 1966;.
8 +
Winokur G, Clayton P, Reich T: Manic Depressive Illness . St. Louis, CV Mosby Co, 1969;.
9 +
Angst J:  Zur Atiologie und Nosologie Endogener Depressiver Psychosen , No. 112. Monograph in Gesamtge Neurol Psychiat . Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1966;.
10 +
Feighner J, et al:  Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research . Arch Gen Psychiatry 26:57, 1972;.
11 +
Rosanoff AJ, Handy LM, Plesset IR:  The etiology of manic-depressive syndromes with special reference to their occurrence in twins . Am J Psychiatry 91:725-762, 1935;.
12 +
Perris C:  The separation of bipolar (manic-depressive) from unipolar recurrent depressive psychoses . Behav Neuropsychiatry 1:17-24, 1969;.
13 +
Taylor M, Abrams R:  A genetic study of early and late onset affective disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 28:656-658, 1973;.
14 +
Rimmer J, Chambers D:  Alcoholism: Methodological considerations in the study of family illness . Am J Orthopsychiatry 39:760-768, 1969;.
15 +
Gershon E, Dunner D, Goodwin F:  Towards a biology of affective disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 25:1-15, 1971;.
16 +
Winokur G, et al:  Alcoholism: III. Diagnosis and familial psychiatric illness in 259 alcoholic probands . Arch Gen Psychiatry 23:104-111, 1970;.
17 +
Stenstedt A:  A study in manic-depressive psychosis: Clinical, social, & genetic investigations . Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand , (suppl 79) , 1952;, pp 1-111.
18 +
Cadoret R, Winokur G, Clayton P:  Family history studies: VII. Manic-depressive disease versus depressive disease . Br J Psychiatry 116:625-635, 1970;.
19 +
Bratfos O, Haug JO:  The course of manic-depressive psychosis . Acta Psychiatr Scand 44:89-112, 1968;.
20 +
Lundquist G:  Prognosis and course in manic depressive psychoses . Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand , (suppl 35) , 1945;, pp 1-100.

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