0
January 1985, Vol 42, No. 1 >
Article | January 1985

Mortality Studies in Psychiatry: Title and subTitle BreakShould They Stop or Proceed?

Ming T. Tsuang, MD, PhD, DSc; John C. Simpson, PhD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication July 9, 1984.

Reprint requests to Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Unit, Butler Hospital, 345 Blackstone Blvd, Providence, RI 02906 (Dr Tsuang).


Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42(1):98-103. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790240100012
Text Size: A A A
Published online
Article
References
Comments

• Psychiatry as a medical discipline has a special concern for preventing premature deaths in psychiatric patients. Such patients continue to be at excess mortality risk despite changing patterns of causes of death and improvements in the treatment of some diagnostic groups. In this overview of current findings and research trends, we find a continuing need for mortality studies and increased opportunities for integrating these investigations with other longitudinal studies of psychiatric populations.

REFERENCES

1 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF:  Mortality in patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical controls: A comparison with general population mortality . Br J Psychiatry 1977;;130:162-166.
2 +
Tsuang MT:  Suicide in schizophrenics, manics, depressives, and surgical controls: A comparison with general population suicide mortality . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;;35:153-155.
3 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF:  Excess mortality in schizophrenia and affective disorders: Do suicides and accidental deaths solely account for this excess? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;;35:1181-1185.
4 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF, Fleming JA:  Causes of death in schizophrenia and manic-depression . Br J Psychiatry 1980;;136:239-242.
5 +
Eastwood MR, Stiasny S, Meier HMR, Woogh CM:  Mental illness and mortality . Comp Psychiatry 1982;;23:377-385.
6 +
Haugland G, Craig TJ, Goodman AB, Siegel C:  Mortality in the era of deinstitutionalization . Am J Psychiatry 1983;;140:848-852.
7 +
Koranyi EK:  Fatalities in 2,070 psychiatric outpatients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;;34:1137-1142.
8 +
Morrison JR:  Suicide in a psychiatric practice population . J Clin Psychiatry 1982;;43:348-352.
9 +
Martin RL, Cloninger CR, Guze SB, Clayton PJ:  Mortality in a follow-up of 500 psychiatric outpatients: I. Total mortality . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:47-54.
10 +
Martin RL, Cloninger CR, Guze SB, Clayton PJ:  Mortality in a follow-up of 500 psychiatric outpatients. II. Cause-specific mortality . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:58-66.
11 +
Black DW, Warrack G, Winokur G:  The Iowa record-linkage study: I. Suicides and accidental deaths among psychiatric patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:71-75.
12 +
Black DW, Warrack G, Winokur G:  The Iowa record-linkage study: III. Excess mortality among patients with 'functional' disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:82-88.
13 +
Hagnell O, Lanke J, Rorsman B:  Suicide and depression in the male part of the Lundby Study: Changes over time during a 25-year observation period . Neuropsychobiology 1982;;8:182-187.
14 +
Guze SB, Robins E:  Suicide and primary affective disorders . Br J Psychiatry 1970;;117:437-438.
15 +
Tsuang MT:  Risk of suicide in the relatives of schizophrenics, manics, depressives, and controls . J Clin Psychiatry 1983;;44:396-400.
16 +
Morrison J, Clancy J, Crowe R, Winokur G:  The Iowa 500: I. Diagnostic validity in mania, depression, and schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;;27:457-461.
17 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF, Fleming JA:  Long-term outcome of major psychoses: I. Schizophrenia and affective disorders compared with psychiatrically symptom-free surgical conditions . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;; 36:1295-1301.
18 +
Coryell W:  Diagnosis-specific mortality: Primary unipolar depression and Briquet's syndrome (somatization disorder) . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;;38:939-942.
19 +
Coryell W:  Obsessive-compulsive disorder and primary unipolar depression . J Nerv Ment Dis 1981;;169:220-224.
20 +
Coryell W, Noyes R, Clancy J:  Excess mortality in panic disorder: A comparison with primary unipolar depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;; 39:701-703.
21 +
Black DW, Warrack G, Winokur G:  The Iowa record-linkage study: II. Excess mortality among patients with organic mental disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:78-81.
22 +
Sims A, Prior P:  The pattern of mortality in severe neuroses . Br J Psychiatry 1978;;133:299-305.
23 +
Hermann HE, Baldwin JA, Christie D:  A record-linkage study of mortality and general hospital discharge in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic . Psychol Med 1983;;13:581-593.
24 +
Baldwin JA:  The Oxford Record Linkage Study as a medical information system . Proc Roy Soc Med 1972;;65:237-239.
25 +
Acheson ED: Medical Record Linkage . New York, Oxford University Press Inc, 1967;.
26 +
Baldwin JA:  Linked record medical information systems . Proc Roy Soc Lond B 1973;;184:403-420.
27 +
Hobbs MT, Fairbairn AS, Acheson ED, Baldwin JA:  Study of disease associations from linked records . Br J Prev Soc Med 1976;;30:141-150.
28 +
Baldwin JA:  Schizophrenia and physical disease: A preliminary analysis of data from the Oxford Record Linkage Study , in Hemmings G (ed): The Biochemistry of Schizophrenia and Addiction . Lancaster, England, MTP Press, 1980;, pp 297-318.
29 +
Cox DR:  Regression models and life tables . J Roy Stat Soc (B) 1972;;34:187-220.
30 +
Woolson RF, Tsuang MT, Fleming JA:  Utility of the proportional-hazards model for survival analysis of psychiatric data . J Chronic Dis 1980;;33:183-195.
31 +
Breslow NE, Lubin JH, Marek P, Langholz B:  Multiplicative models and cohort analysis . J Am Stat Assoc 1983;;78:1-12.
32 +
Laird N, Olivier D:  Covariance analysis of censored survival data using log-linear analysis techniques . J Am Stat Assoc 1981;;76:231-240.
33 +
Hussar AE:  Leading causes of death in institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients: A study of 1,275 autopsy protocols . J Nerv Ment Dis 1966;;142:45-55.
34 +
Lindelius R, Kay DWK:  Some changes in the pattern of mortality in schizophrenia in Sweden . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1973;;49:315-323.
35 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF, Fleming JA:  Premature deaths in schizophrenia and affective disorders: An analysis of survival curves and variables affecting the shortened survival . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;;37:979-983.
36 +
Tsuang MT, Dempsey GM, Fleming JA:  Can ECT prevent premature death and suicide in schizoaffective patients? J Affective Disord 1979;;1:167-171.
37 +
Avery D, Winokur G:  Mortality in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;; 33:1029-1037.
38 +
Saugstad LF, Odegard O:  Mortality in psychiatric hospitals in Norway 1950-74 . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1979;;59:431-447.
39 +
Giel R, Duk S, Weerden-Dijkstra JR:  Mortality in the long-stay population of all Dutch mental hospitals . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1978;; 57:361-368.
40 +
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980;.
41 +
FeighnerJP, Robins E, Guze SB, Woodruff RA, Winokur G, Munoz R:  Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;;26:57-63.
42 +
Breier A, Astrachan BM:  Characterization of schizophrenic patients who commit suicide . Am J Psychiatry 1984;;141:206-209.
43 +
Rorsman B:  Mortality among psychiatric patients . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1974;;50:354-375.
44 +
Roy A:  Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;;39:1089-1095.
45 +
Juel-Nielson N, Videbech T:  A twin study of suicide . Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1970;;19:307-310.
46 +
Kety SS:  Observations on genetic and environmental influences in the etiology of mental disorder from studies on adoptees and their relatives , in Kety SS, Rowland LP, Sidman RL, Matthysse SW (eds): Genetics of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders . New York, Raven Press, 1983;.
47 +
Schulsinger F, Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Wender PH:  A family study of suicide , in Schou M, Stromgren E (eds): Origin, Prevention and Treatment of Affective Disorders . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1979;, pp 277-287.
48 +
Pokorny AD:  Prediction of suicide in psychiatric patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;;40:249-257.
49 +
Murphy GE:  On suicide prediction and prevention . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;;40:343-344.
50 +
Sturt E:  Mortality in a cohort of long-term users of community psychiatric services . Psychol Med 1983;;13:441-446.
51 +
Amdur MA, Souchek J:  Death in aftercare . Comp Psychiatry 1981;; 22:619-626.

First Page Preview

First page PDF preview

Figures

Tables

Interactive Graphics

Video

Country-Specific Mortality and Growth Failure in Infancy and Yound Children and Association With Material Stature

Use interactive graphics and maps to view and sort country-specific infant and early dhildhood mortality and growth failure data and their association with maternal

1 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF:  Mortality in patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression and surgical controls: A comparison with general population mortality . Br J Psychiatry 1977;;130:162-166.
2 +
Tsuang MT:  Suicide in schizophrenics, manics, depressives, and surgical controls: A comparison with general population suicide mortality . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;;35:153-155.
3 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF:  Excess mortality in schizophrenia and affective disorders: Do suicides and accidental deaths solely account for this excess? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;;35:1181-1185.
4 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF, Fleming JA:  Causes of death in schizophrenia and manic-depression . Br J Psychiatry 1980;;136:239-242.
5 +
Eastwood MR, Stiasny S, Meier HMR, Woogh CM:  Mental illness and mortality . Comp Psychiatry 1982;;23:377-385.
6 +
Haugland G, Craig TJ, Goodman AB, Siegel C:  Mortality in the era of deinstitutionalization . Am J Psychiatry 1983;;140:848-852.
7 +
Koranyi EK:  Fatalities in 2,070 psychiatric outpatients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;;34:1137-1142.
8 +
Morrison JR:  Suicide in a psychiatric practice population . J Clin Psychiatry 1982;;43:348-352.
9 +
Martin RL, Cloninger CR, Guze SB, Clayton PJ:  Mortality in a follow-up of 500 psychiatric outpatients: I. Total mortality . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:47-54.
10 +
Martin RL, Cloninger CR, Guze SB, Clayton PJ:  Mortality in a follow-up of 500 psychiatric outpatients. II. Cause-specific mortality . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:58-66.
11 +
Black DW, Warrack G, Winokur G:  The Iowa record-linkage study: I. Suicides and accidental deaths among psychiatric patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:71-75.
12 +
Black DW, Warrack G, Winokur G:  The Iowa record-linkage study: III. Excess mortality among patients with 'functional' disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:82-88.
13 +
Hagnell O, Lanke J, Rorsman B:  Suicide and depression in the male part of the Lundby Study: Changes over time during a 25-year observation period . Neuropsychobiology 1982;;8:182-187.
14 +
Guze SB, Robins E:  Suicide and primary affective disorders . Br J Psychiatry 1970;;117:437-438.
15 +
Tsuang MT:  Risk of suicide in the relatives of schizophrenics, manics, depressives, and controls . J Clin Psychiatry 1983;;44:396-400.
16 +
Morrison J, Clancy J, Crowe R, Winokur G:  The Iowa 500: I. Diagnostic validity in mania, depression, and schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;;27:457-461.
17 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF, Fleming JA:  Long-term outcome of major psychoses: I. Schizophrenia and affective disorders compared with psychiatrically symptom-free surgical conditions . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979;; 36:1295-1301.
18 +
Coryell W:  Diagnosis-specific mortality: Primary unipolar depression and Briquet's syndrome (somatization disorder) . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;;38:939-942.
19 +
Coryell W:  Obsessive-compulsive disorder and primary unipolar depression . J Nerv Ment Dis 1981;;169:220-224.
20 +
Coryell W, Noyes R, Clancy J:  Excess mortality in panic disorder: A comparison with primary unipolar depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;; 39:701-703.
21 +
Black DW, Warrack G, Winokur G:  The Iowa record-linkage study: II. Excess mortality among patients with organic mental disorders . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:78-81.
22 +
Sims A, Prior P:  The pattern of mortality in severe neuroses . Br J Psychiatry 1978;;133:299-305.
23 +
Hermann HE, Baldwin JA, Christie D:  A record-linkage study of mortality and general hospital discharge in patients diagnosed as schizophrenic . Psychol Med 1983;;13:581-593.
24 +
Baldwin JA:  The Oxford Record Linkage Study as a medical information system . Proc Roy Soc Med 1972;;65:237-239.
25 +
Acheson ED: Medical Record Linkage . New York, Oxford University Press Inc, 1967;.
26 +
Baldwin JA:  Linked record medical information systems . Proc Roy Soc Lond B 1973;;184:403-420.
27 +
Hobbs MT, Fairbairn AS, Acheson ED, Baldwin JA:  Study of disease associations from linked records . Br J Prev Soc Med 1976;;30:141-150.
28 +
Baldwin JA:  Schizophrenia and physical disease: A preliminary analysis of data from the Oxford Record Linkage Study , in Hemmings G (ed): The Biochemistry of Schizophrenia and Addiction . Lancaster, England, MTP Press, 1980;, pp 297-318.
29 +
Cox DR:  Regression models and life tables . J Roy Stat Soc (B) 1972;;34:187-220.
30 +
Woolson RF, Tsuang MT, Fleming JA:  Utility of the proportional-hazards model for survival analysis of psychiatric data . J Chronic Dis 1980;;33:183-195.
31 +
Breslow NE, Lubin JH, Marek P, Langholz B:  Multiplicative models and cohort analysis . J Am Stat Assoc 1983;;78:1-12.
32 +
Laird N, Olivier D:  Covariance analysis of censored survival data using log-linear analysis techniques . J Am Stat Assoc 1981;;76:231-240.
33 +
Hussar AE:  Leading causes of death in institutionalized chronic schizophrenic patients: A study of 1,275 autopsy protocols . J Nerv Ment Dis 1966;;142:45-55.
34 +
Lindelius R, Kay DWK:  Some changes in the pattern of mortality in schizophrenia in Sweden . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1973;;49:315-323.
35 +
Tsuang MT, Woolson RF, Fleming JA:  Premature deaths in schizophrenia and affective disorders: An analysis of survival curves and variables affecting the shortened survival . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;;37:979-983.
36 +
Tsuang MT, Dempsey GM, Fleming JA:  Can ECT prevent premature death and suicide in schizoaffective patients? J Affective Disord 1979;;1:167-171.
37 +
Avery D, Winokur G:  Mortality in depressed patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy and antidepressants . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976;; 33:1029-1037.
38 +
Saugstad LF, Odegard O:  Mortality in psychiatric hospitals in Norway 1950-74 . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1979;;59:431-447.
39 +
Giel R, Duk S, Weerden-Dijkstra JR:  Mortality in the long-stay population of all Dutch mental hospitals . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1978;; 57:361-368.
40 +
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980;.
41 +
FeighnerJP, Robins E, Guze SB, Woodruff RA, Winokur G, Munoz R:  Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972;;26:57-63.
42 +
Breier A, Astrachan BM:  Characterization of schizophrenic patients who commit suicide . Am J Psychiatry 1984;;141:206-209.
43 +
Rorsman B:  Mortality among psychiatric patients . Acta Psychiatr Scand 1974;;50:354-375.
44 +
Roy A:  Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;;39:1089-1095.
45 +
Juel-Nielson N, Videbech T:  A twin study of suicide . Acta Genet Med Gemellol 1970;;19:307-310.
46 +
Kety SS:  Observations on genetic and environmental influences in the etiology of mental disorder from studies on adoptees and their relatives , in Kety SS, Rowland LP, Sidman RL, Matthysse SW (eds): Genetics of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders . New York, Raven Press, 1983;.
47 +
Schulsinger F, Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Wender PH:  A family study of suicide , in Schou M, Stromgren E (eds): Origin, Prevention and Treatment of Affective Disorders . New York, Academic Press Inc, 1979;, pp 277-287.
48 +
Pokorny AD:  Prediction of suicide in psychiatric patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;;40:249-257.
49 +
Murphy GE:  On suicide prediction and prevention . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;;40:343-344.
50 +
Sturt E:  Mortality in a cohort of long-term users of community psychiatric services . Psychol Med 1983;;13:441-446.
51 +
Amdur MA, Souchek J:  Death in aftercare . Comp Psychiatry 1981;; 22:619-626.

Correspondence

Submit a Letter
CME Course for:


You need to register in order to view this quiz.


To understand the clinical management of acute heart failure syndromes.
Accreditation Information The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Physicians who complete the CME course and score at least 80% correct on the quiz are eligible for AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
Note: You must get at least of the answers correct to pass this quiz.
You have not filled in all the answers to complete this quiz
The following questions were not answered:
Sorry, you have unsuccessfully completed this CME quiz with a score of
The following questions were not answered correctly:
For CME Course: A Proposed Model for Initial Assessment and Management of Acute Heart Failure Syndromes
Indicate what changes(s) you will implement in your practice, if any, based on this CME course.
To view and print your certificate and access a summary of your CME courses go to My CME.
NOTE:
Citing articles are presented as examples only. In non-demo SCM6 implementation, integration with CrossRef’s “Cited By” API will populate this tab (http://www.crossref.org/citedby.html).
Compression-Only CPR: Pushing the Science Forward
Cone
AAM 2010;304:1493-1495.
All you need to read in the other general journals
BMJ 2010;341:c5893-c1494.
Submit a Comment

Some tools below are only available to our subscribers or users with an online account.

Related Content

Customize your page view by dragging & repositioning the boxes below.

© 2012 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
Powered bySilverchair Information Systems