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November 1985, Vol 42, No. 11 >
Article | November 1985

Situational and Neurotic-Reactive Depression

Richard M. Glass, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication July 19, 1985.

Reprint requests to Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Box 411, 5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 (Dr Glass).


Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1985;42(11):1126-1127. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790340110015
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One of the critical tasks facing the clinical research "consumer" is the appropriate translation of the meaning of research results (usually based on averages or proportions from groups of patients) for the clinical encounter with an individual patient. As in literature, things sometimes get lost or distorted in the translation. Two articles in this issue of the Archives present research findings on the classification of depressive illnesses and provide a good illustration of this challenge for clinical readers.

Winokur1 reports that a family history of alcoholism is a validating factor for a diagnosis of "neurotic-reactive" depression, a type of unipolar depression for which he proposes specific diagnostic criteria largely based on a history of a stormy life-style and preexisting personality problems. Hirschfeld et al2 report that a group of patients with "situational" major depression, defined by the presence of an apparent precipitant for the illness episode,3 showed

REFERENCES

1 +
Winokur G:  The validity of neurotic-reactive depression: New data and reappraisal . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:1116-1122.
2 +
Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL, Andreasen NC, Clayton PJ, Keller MB:  Situational major depressive disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:1109-1114.
3 +
Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders , ed 3. New York, Biometrics Research Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1977;.
4 +
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980;.
5 +
Nelson JC, Charney DS:  The symptoms of major depressive illness . Am J Psychiatry 1981;;138:1-13.
6 +
Akiskal HS, McKinney WT Jr:  Overview of recent research in depression: Integration of ten conceptual models into a comprehensive clinical frame . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;;32:285-305.
7 +
Glass RM:  Recent developments in the psychotherapy of depression . Psychosomatics 1981;;22:110-113.
8 +
Elkin I, Parloff MB, Hodley SW, Autry JH:  NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Background and research plan . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:305-316.
9 +
Andreasen NC:  Concepts, diagnosis, classification , in Paykel ES (ed): Handbook of Affective Disorders . New York, Guilford Press, 1982;, pp 24-44.
10 +
Akiskal HS, Hirschfeld RMA, Yerevanian BI:  The relationship of personality to affective disorders: A critical review . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;;40:801-810.
11 +
Kovacs M, Beck AT:  Maladaptive cognitive structures in depression . Am J Psychiatry 1978;;135:525-533.
12 +
Williams JBW:  The multiaxial system of DSM-III: Where did it come from and where should it go? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:175-186.
13 +
Loranger AW, Tulis EH:  Family history of alcoholism in borderline personality disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:153-157.
14 +
Lewis C, Rice J, Helzer J:  Diagnostic interactions: Alcoholism and antisocial personality . J Nerv Ment Dis 1983;;171:105-113.
15 +
Cadoret RJ, O'Gorman TW, Troughton E, Heywood E:  Alcoholism and antisocial personality: Interrelationships, genetic and environmental factors . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:161-167.
16 +
Gruenberg EM: The role of classification in research in psychopathology: Epidemiology and medical statistics, in Katz MM, Cole JO, Barton WE (eds): The Role and Methodology of Classification in Psychiatry and Psychopathology. Washington, DC, US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1965, pp 76-99.

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1 +
Winokur G:  The validity of neurotic-reactive depression: New data and reappraisal . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:1116-1122.
2 +
Hirschfeld RMA, Klerman GL, Andreasen NC, Clayton PJ, Keller MB:  Situational major depressive disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:1109-1114.
3 +
Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Robins E: Research Diagnostic Criteria for a Selected Group of Functional Disorders , ed 3. New York, Biometrics Research Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1977;.
4 +
American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , ed 3. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association, 1980;.
5 +
Nelson JC, Charney DS:  The symptoms of major depressive illness . Am J Psychiatry 1981;;138:1-13.
6 +
Akiskal HS, McKinney WT Jr:  Overview of recent research in depression: Integration of ten conceptual models into a comprehensive clinical frame . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;;32:285-305.
7 +
Glass RM:  Recent developments in the psychotherapy of depression . Psychosomatics 1981;;22:110-113.
8 +
Elkin I, Parloff MB, Hodley SW, Autry JH:  NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program: Background and research plan . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:305-316.
9 +
Andreasen NC:  Concepts, diagnosis, classification , in Paykel ES (ed): Handbook of Affective Disorders . New York, Guilford Press, 1982;, pp 24-44.
10 +
Akiskal HS, Hirschfeld RMA, Yerevanian BI:  The relationship of personality to affective disorders: A critical review . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;;40:801-810.
11 +
Kovacs M, Beck AT:  Maladaptive cognitive structures in depression . Am J Psychiatry 1978;;135:525-533.
12 +
Williams JBW:  The multiaxial system of DSM-III: Where did it come from and where should it go? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:175-186.
13 +
Loranger AW, Tulis EH:  Family history of alcoholism in borderline personality disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:153-157.
14 +
Lewis C, Rice J, Helzer J:  Diagnostic interactions: Alcoholism and antisocial personality . J Nerv Ment Dis 1983;;171:105-113.
15 +
Cadoret RJ, O'Gorman TW, Troughton E, Heywood E:  Alcoholism and antisocial personality: Interrelationships, genetic and environmental factors . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:161-167.
16 +
Gruenberg EM: The role of classification in research in psychopathology: Epidemiology and medical statistics, in Katz MM, Cole JO, Barton WE (eds): The Role and Methodology of Classification in Psychiatry and Psychopathology. Washington, DC, US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare, 1965, pp 76-99.

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