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January 1986, Vol 43, No. 1 >
Article | January 1986

Platelet α2-Adrenergic Receptors in Depression

Marian S. Kafka, PhD; Steven M. Paul, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication Oct 15, 1985.

Reprint requests to Clinical Neuroscience Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg 10, Room 4N214, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 (Dr Kafka).


Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986;43(1):91-95. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800010093012
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In recent years, the use of peripheral tissues to study possible neurochemical abnormalities in neuropsychiatric disorders has developed into a popular research strategy. Peripheral tissues, including platelets, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and fibroblasts, have many biochemical parameters of interest to the neurobiologist, and their accessibility makes them particularly attractive for clinical studies. Because they have a number of biochemical features that closely resemble those of neurons, platelets have been the most extensively studied peripheral tissue in neuropsychiatric research. In fact, Pearse1 has proposed that platelets, which along with other neuroendocrine tissues, form the APUD system (amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system), are actually part of the nervous system. At the very least, many of the mediators of platelet function are known to be neurotransmitter substances that have also been shown to have important functions in various aspects of neuronal communication. In this issue, Garcia Sevilla et al2

REFERENCES

1 +
Pearse AGE:  Common cytochemical and structural characteristics of cells producing polypeptide hormones (the APUD series) and their relevance to thyroid and ultimobranchial C cells and calcitonin . Proc R Soc Lond 1968;;170:71-80.
2 +
García-Sevilla JA, Guimón J, García-Vallejo P, Fuster MJ:  Biochemical and functional evidence of supersensitive platelet α2-adrenoceptors in major affective disorder: Effect of long-term lithium carbonate treatment . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;;43:51-57.
3 +
Matussek N, Ackenheil M, Hippius H, Muller F, Schroder H-T, Schultes H, Wasilewski B:  Effect of clonidine on growth hormone release in psychiatric patients and controls . Psychiatry Res 1980;;2:25-36.
4 +
Checkley SA, Slade AP, Shur E:  Growth hormone and other responses to clonidine in patients with endogenous depression . Br J Psychiatry 1981;;138:51-55.
5 +
Charney DS, Menkes DB, Henninger GR:  Receptor sensitivity and the mechanism of action of antidepressant treatment: Implications for the etiology and therapy of depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;;38:1160-1180.
6 +
Langer SZ:  Presynaptic regulation of the release of catecholamines . Pharmacol Rev 1981;;32:337-362.
7 +
Byland DB, U'Prichard DC:  Characterization of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors . Int Rev Neurobiol 1983;;24:343-431.
8 +
Kafka MS, van Kammen DP, Kleinman JE, Nurnberger JI, Siever LJ, Uhde TW, Polinsky RJ:  Alpha-adrenergic function in schizophrenia, affective disorders, and some neurological diseases . Commun Psychopharmacology 1980;;4:477-486.
9 +
Garcia-Sevilla JA, Zis AP, Hollingsworth PJ, Greden JF, Smith CB:  Platelet α2-adrenergic receptors in major depressive disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;;38:1327-1333.
10 +
Mitrius JC, Micuni M, Arora RC, Meltzer HY, U'Prichard DC:  Responsiveness of α2-adrenergic receptors is decreased in platelets from depressed patients, abstracted . Soc Neurosci Abstr 1983;;9:990.
11 +
Healy D, Carney PA, Leonard BE:  Monoamine-related markers of depression: Changes following treatment . J Psychiatr Res 1983;;17:251-260.
12 +
Siever LJ, Kafka MS, Targum S, Lake CR:  Platelet alpha-adrenergic binding and biochemical responsiveness in depressed patients and controls . Psychiatry Res 1984;;11:287-302.
13 +
Daiguji M, Meltzer HY, Tong C, U'Prichard DC, Young M, Kravitz H:  Alpha2-adrenergic receptors in platelet membranes of depressed patients: No change in the number of [3H]-yohimbine-binding sites or affinity . Life Sci 1981;;29:2059-2064.
14 +
Pimoule C, Briley MS, Gay C, Loo H, Sechter D, Zarifian E, Raisman R, Langer SZ:  3H-Rauwolscine binding in platelets from depressed patients and healthy volunteers . Psychopharmacology 1983;;79:308-312.
15 +
Stahl SM, Lemoine PM, Ciaranello RD, Berger PA:  Platelet α2adrenergic receptor sensitivity in major depressive disorders . Psychiatry Res 1983;;10:157-164.
16 +
Lenox RH, Ellis J, Van Riper DA, Ehrlich YH, Peyser JM, Shipley JE, Weaver LA:  Platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity in clinical studies of depression , in Usdin E, Goldstein M, Friedhoff A (eds): Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Research . New York, Macmillan Publishing Co, 1983;, pp 331-356.
17 +
Wood K, Coppen A:  Prophylactic lithium treatment of patients with affective disorders is associated with decreased platelet [3H]dihydroergocryptine binding . J Affect Disorders 1983;;5:253-258.
18 +
Conti-Tranconi BM, Dunn SMJ, Raftery MA:  Independent sites of low and high affinity for agonists on Torpedo California acetylcholine receptor . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982;;197:123-129.
19 +
Conti-Tranconi BM, Raftery MA:  The nicotinic-cholinergic receptor: Correlation of molecular structure with functional properties . Ann Rev Biochem 1982;;51:491-530.
20 +
Enna SJ, Gallagher JP:  Biochemical and electrophysiological characteristics of mammalian GABA receptors . Int Rev Neurobiol 1983;;24:181-212.
21 +
Wood K, Swade C, Cooper A:  Platelet α-adrenergic receptors in depression-ligand binding and aggregation studies . Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1985;;56:203-211.
22 +
DeClerck FF, Herman AG:  5-Hydroxytryptamine and platelet aggregation . Fed Proc 1983;;42:228-232.
23 +
Lake CR, Pickar D, Ziegler MG, Lipper S, Slater S, Murphy DL:  Elevated plasma norepinephrine in patients with major affective disorders . Am J Psychiatry 1982;;139:1315-1318.
24 +
Smith CB, Hollingsworth PJ, Garcia-Sevilla JA, Zis AP:  Platelet alpha2 adrenoceptors are decreased in number after antidepressant therapy . Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1983;;7:241-247.
25 +
Cameron OG, Smith CB, Hollingsworth PJ, Nesse RM, Curtis GC:  Platelet α2-adrenergic receptor binding and plasma catecholamines . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;;41:1144-1148.
26 +
Watson SP, McConnell RT, Lapetina EG:  The rapid formation of inositol phosphates in human platelets by thrombin is inhibited by prostacyclin . J Biol Chem 1984;;259:13199-13203.
27 +
Mooney JJ, Schatzberg AF, Cole JO, Kizuka PP, Schildkraut JJ:  Enhanced signal transduction by adenylate cyclase in platelet membranes of patients showing antidepressant responses to alprazolam: Preliminary data . J Psychiatry Res 1985;;19:65-75.
28 +
Menkes DB, Rasenick MM, Wheeler MA, Bitensky MW:  Guanosine triphosphate activation of brain adenylate cyclase: Enhancement by longterm antidepressant treatment . Science 1983;;219:65-67.
29 +
Linnoila M, Karoum F, Calil HM, Kopin IJ, Potter WZ:  Alteration of norepinephrine metabolism with desipramine and zimelidine in depressed patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;;39:1025-1028.
30 +
Sabol SL, Nirenberg M:  Regulation of adenylate cyclase of neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells by α-adrenergic receptors . J Biol Chem 1979;;254:1913-1920.
31 +
Rice HE, Smith CB, Silk KR, Rosen J:  Platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptors in schizophrenic patients before and after phenothiazine treatment . Psychiatry Res 1984;;12:69-77.
32 +
Bondy BV, Ackenheil M, Birzle W, Elbers R, Frohler M:  Catecholamines and their receptors in blood: Evidence for alterations in schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1984;;19:1377-1393.
33 +
Kafka MS, Siever LJ, Nurnberger JI, Uhde TW, Targum S, Cooper DMF, van Kammen DP, Tokola NS:  Platelet adrenergic receptor function in affective disorders and schizophrenia . Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;;21:599-602.
34 +
Luck P, Mikhailides DP, Dashwood MR, Barrades P, Sever S, Dandona P, Wakeling A:  Platelet hyperaggregability and increases α-adrenoceptor density in anorexia nervosa . J Clin Endocrin Metabol 1983;;57:911-914.
35 +
Garcia-Sevilla JA, Ugedo L, Ulibarri I, Elizagarate E, Guitierrez M:  Heroin addicts have increased platelet α2-adrenoceptor densities which correlate with the severity of the abstinence syndrome . Eur J Pharmacol 1984;;100:131-132.
36 +
Rotrosen J, Miller AD, Mandio D, Traficante LJ, Gershon S:  Prostaglandins, platelets and schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;;37:1047-1054.
37 +
Garver DL, Johnson C, Kanter DR:  Schizophrenia and reduced cyclic AMP production: Evidence for the role of receptor-linked events . Life Sci 1982;;31:1987-1992.
38 +
Kafka MS, van Kammen DP:  Alpha-adrenergic receptor function in schizophrenia: Receptor number, cyclic AMP production, adenylate cyclase activity, and the effect of drugs . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;;40:264-270.
39 +
Kaiya H, Imai H, Muramatsu Y, Nozaki M, Fujimura H, Adachi S, Namba M:  Platelet aggregation response in schizophrenia and prostaglandin E1 . Psychiatry Res 1983;;9:309-318.

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1 +
Pearse AGE:  Common cytochemical and structural characteristics of cells producing polypeptide hormones (the APUD series) and their relevance to thyroid and ultimobranchial C cells and calcitonin . Proc R Soc Lond 1968;;170:71-80.
2 +
García-Sevilla JA, Guimón J, García-Vallejo P, Fuster MJ:  Biochemical and functional evidence of supersensitive platelet α2-adrenoceptors in major affective disorder: Effect of long-term lithium carbonate treatment . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;;43:51-57.
3 +
Matussek N, Ackenheil M, Hippius H, Muller F, Schroder H-T, Schultes H, Wasilewski B:  Effect of clonidine on growth hormone release in psychiatric patients and controls . Psychiatry Res 1980;;2:25-36.
4 +
Checkley SA, Slade AP, Shur E:  Growth hormone and other responses to clonidine in patients with endogenous depression . Br J Psychiatry 1981;;138:51-55.
5 +
Charney DS, Menkes DB, Henninger GR:  Receptor sensitivity and the mechanism of action of antidepressant treatment: Implications for the etiology and therapy of depression . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;;38:1160-1180.
6 +
Langer SZ:  Presynaptic regulation of the release of catecholamines . Pharmacol Rev 1981;;32:337-362.
7 +
Byland DB, U'Prichard DC:  Characterization of alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors . Int Rev Neurobiol 1983;;24:343-431.
8 +
Kafka MS, van Kammen DP, Kleinman JE, Nurnberger JI, Siever LJ, Uhde TW, Polinsky RJ:  Alpha-adrenergic function in schizophrenia, affective disorders, and some neurological diseases . Commun Psychopharmacology 1980;;4:477-486.
9 +
Garcia-Sevilla JA, Zis AP, Hollingsworth PJ, Greden JF, Smith CB:  Platelet α2-adrenergic receptors in major depressive disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;;38:1327-1333.
10 +
Mitrius JC, Micuni M, Arora RC, Meltzer HY, U'Prichard DC:  Responsiveness of α2-adrenergic receptors is decreased in platelets from depressed patients, abstracted . Soc Neurosci Abstr 1983;;9:990.
11 +
Healy D, Carney PA, Leonard BE:  Monoamine-related markers of depression: Changes following treatment . J Psychiatr Res 1983;;17:251-260.
12 +
Siever LJ, Kafka MS, Targum S, Lake CR:  Platelet alpha-adrenergic binding and biochemical responsiveness in depressed patients and controls . Psychiatry Res 1984;;11:287-302.
13 +
Daiguji M, Meltzer HY, Tong C, U'Prichard DC, Young M, Kravitz H:  Alpha2-adrenergic receptors in platelet membranes of depressed patients: No change in the number of [3H]-yohimbine-binding sites or affinity . Life Sci 1981;;29:2059-2064.
14 +
Pimoule C, Briley MS, Gay C, Loo H, Sechter D, Zarifian E, Raisman R, Langer SZ:  3H-Rauwolscine binding in platelets from depressed patients and healthy volunteers . Psychopharmacology 1983;;79:308-312.
15 +
Stahl SM, Lemoine PM, Ciaranello RD, Berger PA:  Platelet α2adrenergic receptor sensitivity in major depressive disorders . Psychiatry Res 1983;;10:157-164.
16 +
Lenox RH, Ellis J, Van Riper DA, Ehrlich YH, Peyser JM, Shipley JE, Weaver LA:  Platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptor activity in clinical studies of depression , in Usdin E, Goldstein M, Friedhoff A (eds): Frontiers in Neuropsychiatric Research . New York, Macmillan Publishing Co, 1983;, pp 331-356.
17 +
Wood K, Coppen A:  Prophylactic lithium treatment of patients with affective disorders is associated with decreased platelet [3H]dihydroergocryptine binding . J Affect Disorders 1983;;5:253-258.
18 +
Conti-Tranconi BM, Dunn SMJ, Raftery MA:  Independent sites of low and high affinity for agonists on Torpedo California acetylcholine receptor . Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1982;;197:123-129.
19 +
Conti-Tranconi BM, Raftery MA:  The nicotinic-cholinergic receptor: Correlation of molecular structure with functional properties . Ann Rev Biochem 1982;;51:491-530.
20 +
Enna SJ, Gallagher JP:  Biochemical and electrophysiological characteristics of mammalian GABA receptors . Int Rev Neurobiol 1983;;24:181-212.
21 +
Wood K, Swade C, Cooper A:  Platelet α-adrenergic receptors in depression-ligand binding and aggregation studies . Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1985;;56:203-211.
22 +
DeClerck FF, Herman AG:  5-Hydroxytryptamine and platelet aggregation . Fed Proc 1983;;42:228-232.
23 +
Lake CR, Pickar D, Ziegler MG, Lipper S, Slater S, Murphy DL:  Elevated plasma norepinephrine in patients with major affective disorders . Am J Psychiatry 1982;;139:1315-1318.
24 +
Smith CB, Hollingsworth PJ, Garcia-Sevilla JA, Zis AP:  Platelet alpha2 adrenoceptors are decreased in number after antidepressant therapy . Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1983;;7:241-247.
25 +
Cameron OG, Smith CB, Hollingsworth PJ, Nesse RM, Curtis GC:  Platelet α2-adrenergic receptor binding and plasma catecholamines . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1984;;41:1144-1148.
26 +
Watson SP, McConnell RT, Lapetina EG:  The rapid formation of inositol phosphates in human platelets by thrombin is inhibited by prostacyclin . J Biol Chem 1984;;259:13199-13203.
27 +
Mooney JJ, Schatzberg AF, Cole JO, Kizuka PP, Schildkraut JJ:  Enhanced signal transduction by adenylate cyclase in platelet membranes of patients showing antidepressant responses to alprazolam: Preliminary data . J Psychiatry Res 1985;;19:65-75.
28 +
Menkes DB, Rasenick MM, Wheeler MA, Bitensky MW:  Guanosine triphosphate activation of brain adenylate cyclase: Enhancement by longterm antidepressant treatment . Science 1983;;219:65-67.
29 +
Linnoila M, Karoum F, Calil HM, Kopin IJ, Potter WZ:  Alteration of norepinephrine metabolism with desipramine and zimelidine in depressed patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;;39:1025-1028.
30 +
Sabol SL, Nirenberg M:  Regulation of adenylate cyclase of neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells by α-adrenergic receptors . J Biol Chem 1979;;254:1913-1920.
31 +
Rice HE, Smith CB, Silk KR, Rosen J:  Platelet alpha2-adrenergic receptors in schizophrenic patients before and after phenothiazine treatment . Psychiatry Res 1984;;12:69-77.
32 +
Bondy BV, Ackenheil M, Birzle W, Elbers R, Frohler M:  Catecholamines and their receptors in blood: Evidence for alterations in schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1984;;19:1377-1393.
33 +
Kafka MS, Siever LJ, Nurnberger JI, Uhde TW, Targum S, Cooper DMF, van Kammen DP, Tokola NS:  Platelet adrenergic receptor function in affective disorders and schizophrenia . Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;;21:599-602.
34 +
Luck P, Mikhailides DP, Dashwood MR, Barrades P, Sever S, Dandona P, Wakeling A:  Platelet hyperaggregability and increases α-adrenoceptor density in anorexia nervosa . J Clin Endocrin Metabol 1983;;57:911-914.
35 +
Garcia-Sevilla JA, Ugedo L, Ulibarri I, Elizagarate E, Guitierrez M:  Heroin addicts have increased platelet α2-adrenoceptor densities which correlate with the severity of the abstinence syndrome . Eur J Pharmacol 1984;;100:131-132.
36 +
Rotrosen J, Miller AD, Mandio D, Traficante LJ, Gershon S:  Prostaglandins, platelets and schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;;37:1047-1054.
37 +
Garver DL, Johnson C, Kanter DR:  Schizophrenia and reduced cyclic AMP production: Evidence for the role of receptor-linked events . Life Sci 1982;;31:1987-1992.
38 +
Kafka MS, van Kammen DP:  Alpha-adrenergic receptor function in schizophrenia: Receptor number, cyclic AMP production, adenylate cyclase activity, and the effect of drugs . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983;;40:264-270.
39 +
Kaiya H, Imai H, Muramatsu Y, Nozaki M, Fujimura H, Adachi S, Namba M:  Platelet aggregation response in schizophrenia and prostaglandin E1 . Psychiatry Res 1983;;9:309-318.

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