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December 1987, Vol 44, No. 12 >
Article | December 1987

Hippocampal Pyramidal Cell Orientation in Schizophrenia: Title and subTitle BreakA Controlled Neurohistologic Study of the Yakovlev Collection

Arnold Scheibel, MD; Joyce A. Kovelman, PhD; Andrew Conrad; Lori L. Altshuler, MD
[+] Author Affiliations

Accepted for publication June 24, 1987.

Reprint requests to National Institute of Mental Health, Bldg 10, Room 3S-239, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 (Dr Altshuler).


Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44(12):1094-1098. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800240070010
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• The finding of marked disorganization of the hippocampal pyramidal cell layer in the brains of schizophrenic patients has recently been reported. The present study was undertaken to determine whether similar abnormalities could be found in the brains of a population of schizophrenic patients, most of whom were never exposed to neuroleptics. Though statistical analysis of 2808 pyramidal cells failed to reveal significantly greater disorganization in a group of seven alleged schizophrenic brains than in brains of age-matched, nonpsychotic controls, the data suggest a relationship between the degree of pyramidal cell disarray and the severity of behavioral impairment due to psychosis. The implications and pitfalls in interpreting these findings are discussed.

REFERENCES

1 +
Kluver H, Bucy PC:  Preliminary analysis of the temporal lobe in monkeys . Arch Neurol 1939;;42:979-1000.
2 +
Gibbs FA:  Ictal and non-ictal psychiatric disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy . J Nerv Ment Dis 1951;;113:522-528.
3 +
Schreiner L, Kling A:  Behavioral changes following rhinencephalic injury in cats . J Neurophysiol 1953;;16:643-659.
4 +
Heath RG: Studies in Schizophrenia: A Multi-disciplinary Approach to Mind-Brain Relationships . Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1954;.
5 +
Wood CD:  Behavioral changes following discrete lesions of temporal lobe structures . Neurology 1958;;8:215-220.
6 +
Bagshaw MH, Kimble DP, Pribram KH:  The GSR of monkeys during orienting and habitation and after obration of the amygdala, hippocampus, and inferotemporal cortex . Neurophysiologia 1965;;3:111-119.
7 +
Adler LE, Pachtman E, Franks RD, Pecevich M, Waldo MC, Freedman R:  Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in neuronal mechanism involved in sensory gating in schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1982;;17:639-654.
8 +
Spielmeyer W:  The problem of the anatomy of schizophrenia . Res Public Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 1931;;10:105-110.
9 +
Dide MM:  Les syndromes hypothamamiques et la dyspsychogenese . Rev Neurol 1934;;6:941-943.
10 +
Morgan LO, Gregory HS:  Pathological changes in the tuber cinereum in a group of psychoses . J Nerv Ment Dis 1935;;82:286-298.
11 +
Vogt C, Vogt O:  Alterations anatomiques de la schizophrenia et d'autres psychoses dites fonctionelles , in Proceedings of the First International Congress of Neuropathology, Rome, Sept 8-13, 1952 . Turin, Italy, Rosenberg, 1952;, vol 1, pp 512-532.
12 +
Von-Buttlar-Brentano K:  Pathohistologische Feststellungen am basal Kern Schizophrener . J Nerv Ment Dis 1952;;116:646-653.
13 +
Nieto D, Escobar A:  Major psychoses , in Minckler J (ed): Pathology of the Nervous System . New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1972;, vol 3, pp 2654-2665.
14 +
Stevens JR:  Neuropathology of schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;;39:1131-1139.
15 +
Brown R, Colter N, Corsellis J, Crow TJ, Frith CD, Jagore R, Johnstone EC, Marsh L:  Postmortem evidence of structural brain changes in schizophrenia, differences in brain weight, temporal horn area and parahippocampal gyrus compared with affective disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;;43:36-42.
16 +
Bogerts B, Meertz E, Schonfeldt-Bausch R:  Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:784-791.
17 +
Dom R, De Saedeler J:  Quantitative cytometric analyses of basal ganglia in catatonic schizophrenia , in Jansson B, Perris C, Struwe G (eds): Biological Psychiatry . Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1981;, pp 723-726.
18 +
Jeste DV, Lohr JB, Karson CN:  Neuronometric studies of cerebellum and hippocampus in schizophrenia and aging , in Shagass C (ed): Proceedings of the IVth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry . Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985;, p 310.
19 +
Slater E, Beard AW, Gertherto E:  The schizophrenia-like psychoses of epilepsy . Br J Psychiatry 1963;;109:95-105.
20 +
Davidson K, Bagley CR:  Schizophrenia-like psychosis associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system: A review of the literature . Br J Psychiatry 1969;;4(special publication):113-187.
21 +
Flor-Henry P:  Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy: A controlled investigation . Epilepsia 1696;;10:363-395.
22 +
Gruzelier J, Hammond N:  Schizophrenia: A dominant hemisphere temporal limbic disorder? Res Commun Psychol Psychiatr Behav 1976;;1:33-72.
23 +
Gur RE:  Motoric laterality imbalance in schizophrenia: A possible concomitant of left hemispheric dysfunction . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;;34:33-37.
24 +
Schweitzer L, Becker E, Welsh H:  Abnormalities of cerebral lateralization in schizophrenia patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;;35:982-985.
25 +
Roemer RA, Shargars C, Strawmanes JJ, Amader M:  Somatosensory and auditory evoked potential studies of functional differences between the cerebral hemispheres in psychosis . Biol Psychiatry 1979;;14:357-373.
26 +
Taylor MA, Greenspan B, Abrams R:  Lateralized neuropsychological dysfunction in affective disorder and schizophrenia . Am J Psychiatry 1979;;136:1031-1034.
27 +
Mintz M, Tomer R, Myslobodsky MS:  Neuroleptic induced lateral asymmetry of visual evoked potentials in schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1982;;17:815-828.
28 +
Scheibel AB, Kovelman JA:  Disorientation of the hippocampal pyramidal cell and its processes in the schizophrenic patient . Biol Psychiatry 1981;;16:101-102.
29 +
Kovelman JA, Scheibel AB:  A neurohistologic correlate of schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1986;;19:1601-1621.
30 +
Lorente de No R:  Studies on the structure of the cerebral cortex: II. Continuation of the study of the ammonic system . J Psychol Neurol 1934;;46:113-177.
31 +
Rakic P, Nowakowski RS:  The time of origin of neurons in the hippocampal region of the Rhesus monkey . J Comp Neurol 1981;;196:99-128.
32 +
Nowakowski RS, Rakic P:  The site of origin and route and rate of migration of neurons to the hippocampal region of the Rhesus monkey . J Comp Neurol 1981;;196:129-154.
33 +
Scheibel AB, Kovelman JA: Dendritic disarray in the hippocampus of paranoid schizophrenia. Presented as a poster (No. 74) at the annual meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, Chicago, May 12, 1979.
34 +
Stevens JR:  Clinicopathologic correlations in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;;43:715-716.

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1 +
Kluver H, Bucy PC:  Preliminary analysis of the temporal lobe in monkeys . Arch Neurol 1939;;42:979-1000.
2 +
Gibbs FA:  Ictal and non-ictal psychiatric disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy . J Nerv Ment Dis 1951;;113:522-528.
3 +
Schreiner L, Kling A:  Behavioral changes following rhinencephalic injury in cats . J Neurophysiol 1953;;16:643-659.
4 +
Heath RG: Studies in Schizophrenia: A Multi-disciplinary Approach to Mind-Brain Relationships . Cambridge, Mass, Harvard University Press, 1954;.
5 +
Wood CD:  Behavioral changes following discrete lesions of temporal lobe structures . Neurology 1958;;8:215-220.
6 +
Bagshaw MH, Kimble DP, Pribram KH:  The GSR of monkeys during orienting and habitation and after obration of the amygdala, hippocampus, and inferotemporal cortex . Neurophysiologia 1965;;3:111-119.
7 +
Adler LE, Pachtman E, Franks RD, Pecevich M, Waldo MC, Freedman R:  Neurophysiological evidence for a defect in neuronal mechanism involved in sensory gating in schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1982;;17:639-654.
8 +
Spielmeyer W:  The problem of the anatomy of schizophrenia . Res Public Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis 1931;;10:105-110.
9 +
Dide MM:  Les syndromes hypothamamiques et la dyspsychogenese . Rev Neurol 1934;;6:941-943.
10 +
Morgan LO, Gregory HS:  Pathological changes in the tuber cinereum in a group of psychoses . J Nerv Ment Dis 1935;;82:286-298.
11 +
Vogt C, Vogt O:  Alterations anatomiques de la schizophrenia et d'autres psychoses dites fonctionelles , in Proceedings of the First International Congress of Neuropathology, Rome, Sept 8-13, 1952 . Turin, Italy, Rosenberg, 1952;, vol 1, pp 512-532.
12 +
Von-Buttlar-Brentano K:  Pathohistologische Feststellungen am basal Kern Schizophrener . J Nerv Ment Dis 1952;;116:646-653.
13 +
Nieto D, Escobar A:  Major psychoses , in Minckler J (ed): Pathology of the Nervous System . New York, McGraw-Hill International Book Co, 1972;, vol 3, pp 2654-2665.
14 +
Stevens JR:  Neuropathology of schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1982;;39:1131-1139.
15 +
Brown R, Colter N, Corsellis J, Crow TJ, Frith CD, Jagore R, Johnstone EC, Marsh L:  Postmortem evidence of structural brain changes in schizophrenia, differences in brain weight, temporal horn area and parahippocampal gyrus compared with affective disorder . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;;43:36-42.
16 +
Bogerts B, Meertz E, Schonfeldt-Bausch R:  Basal ganglia and limbic system pathology in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985;;42:784-791.
17 +
Dom R, De Saedeler J:  Quantitative cytometric analyses of basal ganglia in catatonic schizophrenia , in Jansson B, Perris C, Struwe G (eds): Biological Psychiatry . Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1981;, pp 723-726.
18 +
Jeste DV, Lohr JB, Karson CN:  Neuronometric studies of cerebellum and hippocampus in schizophrenia and aging , in Shagass C (ed): Proceedings of the IVth World Congress of Biological Psychiatry . Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publishers, 1985;, p 310.
19 +
Slater E, Beard AW, Gertherto E:  The schizophrenia-like psychoses of epilepsy . Br J Psychiatry 1963;;109:95-105.
20 +
Davidson K, Bagley CR:  Schizophrenia-like psychosis associated with organic disorders of the central nervous system: A review of the literature . Br J Psychiatry 1969;;4(special publication):113-187.
21 +
Flor-Henry P:  Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy: A controlled investigation . Epilepsia 1696;;10:363-395.
22 +
Gruzelier J, Hammond N:  Schizophrenia: A dominant hemisphere temporal limbic disorder? Res Commun Psychol Psychiatr Behav 1976;;1:33-72.
23 +
Gur RE:  Motoric laterality imbalance in schizophrenia: A possible concomitant of left hemispheric dysfunction . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;;34:33-37.
24 +
Schweitzer L, Becker E, Welsh H:  Abnormalities of cerebral lateralization in schizophrenia patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978;;35:982-985.
25 +
Roemer RA, Shargars C, Strawmanes JJ, Amader M:  Somatosensory and auditory evoked potential studies of functional differences between the cerebral hemispheres in psychosis . Biol Psychiatry 1979;;14:357-373.
26 +
Taylor MA, Greenspan B, Abrams R:  Lateralized neuropsychological dysfunction in affective disorder and schizophrenia . Am J Psychiatry 1979;;136:1031-1034.
27 +
Mintz M, Tomer R, Myslobodsky MS:  Neuroleptic induced lateral asymmetry of visual evoked potentials in schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1982;;17:815-828.
28 +
Scheibel AB, Kovelman JA:  Disorientation of the hippocampal pyramidal cell and its processes in the schizophrenic patient . Biol Psychiatry 1981;;16:101-102.
29 +
Kovelman JA, Scheibel AB:  A neurohistologic correlate of schizophrenia . Biol Psychiatry 1986;;19:1601-1621.
30 +
Lorente de No R:  Studies on the structure of the cerebral cortex: II. Continuation of the study of the ammonic system . J Psychol Neurol 1934;;46:113-177.
31 +
Rakic P, Nowakowski RS:  The time of origin of neurons in the hippocampal region of the Rhesus monkey . J Comp Neurol 1981;;196:99-128.
32 +
Nowakowski RS, Rakic P:  The site of origin and route and rate of migration of neurons to the hippocampal region of the Rhesus monkey . J Comp Neurol 1981;;196:129-154.
33 +
Scheibel AB, Kovelman JA: Dendritic disarray in the hippocampus of paranoid schizophrenia. Presented as a poster (No. 74) at the annual meeting of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, Chicago, May 12, 1979.
34 +
Stevens JR:  Clinicopathologic correlations in schizophrenia . Arch Gen Psychiatry 1986;;43:715-716.

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