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Ventricular Enlargement in Schizophrenia: Is There Really a Gender Effect?-Reply

NANCY C. ANDREASEN, MD, PHD; VICTOR W. SWAYZE, II, MD; MICHAEL FLAUM, MD; WILLIAM R. YATES, MD; STEPHAN ARNDT, PHD; CHERYL MCCHESNEY, MD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49(12):996-997. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820120084013
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Zigun et al have raised sev- eral issues concerning our article. Their major concerns appear to be the following: (1) the control group may be atypical; and (2) they take exception to a statement attributed to us that "given the phenomenological differences in the manifestations of schizophrenia between men and women, the reported gender differences in ventricular enlargement may be due to different types of illness or different etiologic factors."

Zigun et al do not accurately summarize the contents or conclusions of our article, since many of the issues raised in their letter were already discussed in the article, while the phenomenology of schizophrenia in relation to gender differences was not discussed at all.

An Atypical Control Group-—  To our knowledge, this study reports on one of the largest samples of carefully screened healthy normal volunteers that has been studied with computed tomography (CT). The total sample size of the

REFERENCES

Andreasen NC, Smith MR, Jacoby DG, Dennert JW, Olsen SA.  Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: definition and prevalence . Am J Psychiatry . 1982;;139:292-296.
Smith GN, Iacono WG.  Lateral ventricular size in schizophrenia and choice of control group . Lancet . 1986;;1:1450.
Raz S, Raz N, Bigler ED.  Ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia: is the choice of controls important? Psychiatry Res . 1987;;24:71-77.
Smith GN, Iacono WG.  Ventricular size in schizophrenia: importance of choice of control subjects . Psychiatry Res . 1988;;26:241-243.
Raz N, Raz S, Bigler ED.  Ventriculomegaly schizophrenia: the role of control groups . Psychiatry Res . 1988;;26:245-248.
Weinberger DR, Torrey EF, Neophytides AN, Wyatt RJ.  Structural abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of chronic schizophrenic patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1979;;36:935-939.
Nasrallah HA, Kuperman S, Hamra BJ, McCalley-Whitters M.  Clinical differences between schizophrenic patients with and without large cerebral ventricles . J Clin Psychiatry . 1983;;44:407-409.
Benes F, Sunderland P, Jones BD, LeMay M, Cohen BM, Lipinski JF.  Normal ventricles in young schizophrenics . Br J Psychiatry . 1982;;141:90-93.
Luchins DJ, Weinberger DR, Wyatt RJ.  Schizophrenia and cerebral asymmetry detected by computed tomography . AmJ Psychiatry . 1982;;139:753-757.
Turner SW, Toone BK, Brett-Jones JR.  Computerized tomographic scan changes in early schizophrenia: preliminary findings . Psychol Med . 1986;;16:219-225.
Flaum M, Arndt S, Andreasen NC.  The role of gender in studies of ventricle enlargement in schizophrenia: a predominantly male effect . Am J Psychiatry . 1990;;147:1327-1332.

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Andreasen NC, Smith MR, Jacoby DG, Dennert JW, Olsen SA.  Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: definition and prevalence . Am J Psychiatry . 1982;;139:292-296.
Smith GN, Iacono WG.  Lateral ventricular size in schizophrenia and choice of control group . Lancet . 1986;;1:1450.
Raz S, Raz N, Bigler ED.  Ventriculomegaly in schizophrenia: is the choice of controls important? Psychiatry Res . 1987;;24:71-77.
Smith GN, Iacono WG.  Ventricular size in schizophrenia: importance of choice of control subjects . Psychiatry Res . 1988;;26:241-243.
Raz N, Raz S, Bigler ED.  Ventriculomegaly schizophrenia: the role of control groups . Psychiatry Res . 1988;;26:245-248.
Weinberger DR, Torrey EF, Neophytides AN, Wyatt RJ.  Structural abnormalities in the cerebral cortex of chronic schizophrenic patients . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1979;;36:935-939.
Nasrallah HA, Kuperman S, Hamra BJ, McCalley-Whitters M.  Clinical differences between schizophrenic patients with and without large cerebral ventricles . J Clin Psychiatry . 1983;;44:407-409.
Benes F, Sunderland P, Jones BD, LeMay M, Cohen BM, Lipinski JF.  Normal ventricles in young schizophrenics . Br J Psychiatry . 1982;;141:90-93.
Luchins DJ, Weinberger DR, Wyatt RJ.  Schizophrenia and cerebral asymmetry detected by computed tomography . AmJ Psychiatry . 1982;;139:753-757.
Turner SW, Toone BK, Brett-Jones JR.  Computerized tomographic scan changes in early schizophrenia: preliminary findings . Psychol Med . 1986;;16:219-225.
Flaum M, Arndt S, Andreasen NC.  The role of gender in studies of ventricle enlargement in schizophrenia: a predominantly male effect . Am J Psychiatry . 1990;;147:1327-1332.

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