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Reply to 'A Genetic Study of Male Sexual Orientation'

THEODORE LIDZ, MD
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50(3):240-240. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820150090010
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To the Editor.—  I am surprised that the article by Bailey and Pillard1 was carried out, written, and published in the December 1991 edition of the ARCHIVES with so little regard for the problems in the numerous studies of the genetics of schizophrenia based on the comparison of incidence in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins as well as the various adoption studies that have caused so much misunderstanding and confusion in the field. Are we now to go through the same misapplications of methodology and statistics to homosexuality?Kallmann2 misled psychiatrists into the belief that schizophrenic disorders were almost entirely genetically determined. His very high concordance rate for MZ twins appears to have been due to his sampling of twins hospitalized for schizophrenia where concordance was generally only noted when both twins were schizophrenic. Further, the fact that DZ twin sisters were almost as concordant as MZ

REFERENCES

Bailey JM, Pillard RC.  A genetic study of male sexual orientation . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1991;;48:1089-1096.
Kallmann FJ.  The genetic theory of schizophrenia . Am J Psychiatry . 1946;;103:309-322.
Kringlen E.  Schizophrenia in male monozygotic twins . Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl . 1964;;( (suppl 178) ).
Tienari P.  Psychiatric illness in identical twins . Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl . 1963;; ( (suppl 171) ).
Rosenthal D, Wender PH, Kety SS.  Schizophrenics' offspring reared in adoptive homes . In: Rosenthal D, Kety SS, eds. The Transmission of Schizophrenia . Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press Inc; 1968;.
Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Wender PH, Schulsinger F, Jacobsen B.  Mental illness in the biologiccal and adoptive families of individuals who have become schizophrenic: a preliminary report based on interviews . In: Fieve D, Rosenthal D, Brill H, eds. Genetic Research in Psychiatry . Baltimore, Md: The Johns Hopkins Press; 1975;:147-165.
Lidz T, Blatt S, Cook B.  A Critique of the Danish-American studies of adopted-away offspring of schizophrenic parents . Am J Psychiatry . 1981;;138:1063-1068.
Lidz T, Blatt S.  Critique of the DanishAmerican studies of the biological and adoptive relatives of adoptees who became schizophrenic . Am J Psychiatry . 1983;;140:426-434.
Tienari P, Sorri A, Lhati I.  Interaction of genetic and psychosocial factors in schizophrenia . Schizophr Bull . 1987;;13:477-484.
Herdt G. The Guardians of the Flutes . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill International Book Co; 1981;.
Van Baal J. Dema . Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1966;.

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Bailey JM, Pillard RC.  A genetic study of male sexual orientation . Arch Gen Psychiatry . 1991;;48:1089-1096.
Kallmann FJ.  The genetic theory of schizophrenia . Am J Psychiatry . 1946;;103:309-322.
Kringlen E.  Schizophrenia in male monozygotic twins . Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl . 1964;;( (suppl 178) ).
Tienari P.  Psychiatric illness in identical twins . Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl . 1963;; ( (suppl 171) ).
Rosenthal D, Wender PH, Kety SS.  Schizophrenics' offspring reared in adoptive homes . In: Rosenthal D, Kety SS, eds. The Transmission of Schizophrenia . Elmsford, NY: Pergamon Press Inc; 1968;.
Kety SS, Rosenthal D, Wender PH, Schulsinger F, Jacobsen B.  Mental illness in the biologiccal and adoptive families of individuals who have become schizophrenic: a preliminary report based on interviews . In: Fieve D, Rosenthal D, Brill H, eds. Genetic Research in Psychiatry . Baltimore, Md: The Johns Hopkins Press; 1975;:147-165.
Lidz T, Blatt S, Cook B.  A Critique of the Danish-American studies of adopted-away offspring of schizophrenic parents . Am J Psychiatry . 1981;;138:1063-1068.
Lidz T, Blatt S.  Critique of the DanishAmerican studies of the biological and adoptive relatives of adoptees who became schizophrenic . Am J Psychiatry . 1983;;140:426-434.
Tienari P, Sorri A, Lhati I.  Interaction of genetic and psychosocial factors in schizophrenia . Schizophr Bull . 1987;;13:477-484.
Herdt G. The Guardians of the Flutes . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill International Book Co; 1981;.
Van Baal J. Dema . Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers; 1966;.

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