RT Journal
A1 Shalev AY, Ankri Y, Israeli-Shalev Y, Peleg T, Adessky R, Freedman S
T1 Prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder by early treatment: Results from the jerusalem trauma outreach and prevention study
JF Archives of General Psychiatry
JO Archives of General Psychiatry
YR 2012
FD February 1
VO 69
IS 2
SP 166
OP 176
DO 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.127
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.127
AB Context 
                  Preventing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a pressing public health need.Objectives 
                  To compare early and delayed exposure-based, cognitive, and pharmacological interventions for preventing PTSD.Design 
                  Equipoise-stratified randomized controlled study.Setting 
                  Hadassah Hospital unselectively receives trauma survivors from Jerusalem and vicinity.Participants 
                  Consecutively admitted survivors of traumatic events were assessed by use of structured telephone interviews a mean (SD) 9.61 (3.91) days after the traumatic event. Survivors with symptoms of acute stress disorder were referred for clinical assessment. Survivors who met PTSD symptom criteria during the clinical assessment were invited to receive treatment.Interventions 
                  Twelve weekly sessions of prolonged exposure (PE; n = 63), or cognitive therapy (CT; n = 40), or double blind treatment with 2 daily tablets of either escitalopram (10 mg) or placebo (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/placebo; n = 46), or 12 weeks in a waiting list group (n = 93). Treatment started a mean (SD) 29.8 (5.7) days after the traumatic event. Waiting list participants with PTSD after 12 weeks received PE a mean (SD) 151.8 (42.4) days after the traumatic event (delayed PE).Main Outcome Measure 
                  Proportion of participants with PTSD after treatment, as determined by the use of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) 5 and 9 months after the traumatic event. Treatment assignment and attendance were concealed from the clinicians who used the CAPS.Results 
                  At 5 months, 21.6% of participants who received PE and 57.1% of comparable participants on the waiting list had PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 0.21 [95% CI, 0.09-0.46]). At 5 months, 20.0% of participants who received CT and 58.7% of comparable participants on the waiting list had PTSD (OR, 0.18 [CI, 0.06-0.48]). The PE group did not differ from the CT group with regard to PTSD outcome (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.29-2.62]). The PTSD prevalence rates did not differ between the escitalopram and placebo subgroups (61.9% vs 55.6%; OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.21-2.77]). At 9 months, 20.8% of participants who received PE and 21.4% of participants on the waiting list had PTSD (OR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.40-2.67]). Participants with partial PTSD before treatment onset did similarly well with and without treatment.Conclusions 
                  Prolonged exposure, CT, and delayed PE effectively prevent chronic PTSD in recent survivors. The lack of improvement from treatment with escitalopram requires further evaluation. Trauma-focused clinical interventions have no added benefit to survivors with subthreshold PTSD symptoms.Trial Registration 
                  clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00146900