RT Journal
A1 Tromp DM, Grupe DW, Oathes DJ, et al
T1 REduced structural connectivity of a major frontolimbic pathway in generalized anxiety disorder
JF Archives of General Psychiatry
JO Archives of General Psychiatry
YR 2012
FD September 1
VO 69
IS 9
SP 925
OP 934
DO 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2178
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2178
AB Context 
                  Emotion regulation deficits figure prominently in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and in other anxiety and mood disorders. Research examining emotion regulation and top-down modulation has implicated reduced coupling of the amygdala with prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, suggesting altered frontolimbic white matter connectivity in GAD.Objectives 
                  To investigate structural connectivity between ventral prefrontal cortex or anterior cingulate cortex areas and the amygdala in GAD and to assess associations with functional connectivity between those areas.Design 
                  Participants underwent diffusion-tensor imaging and functional magnetic resonance imaging.Setting 
                  University magnetic resonance imaging facility.Participants 
                  Forty-nine patients with GAD and 39 healthy volunteer control subjects, including a matched subset of 21 patients having GAD without comorbid Axis I diagnoses and 21 healthy volunteers matched for age, sex, and education.Main Outcome Measures 
                  The mean fractional anisotropy values in the left and right uncinate fasciculus, as measured by tract-based analysis for diffusion-tensor imaging data.Results 
                  Lower mean fractional anisotropy values in the bilateral uncinate fasciculus indicated reduced frontolimbic structural connectivity in patients with GAD. This reduction in uncinate fasciculus integrity was most pronounced for patients without comorbidity and was not observed in other white matter tracts. Across all participants, higher fractional anisotropy values were associated with more negative functional coupling between the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and the amygdala during the anticipation of aversion.Conclusions 
                  Reduced structural connectivity of a major frontolimbic pathway suggests a neural basis for emotion regulation deficits in GAD. The functional significance of these structural differences is underscored by decreased functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex and the amygdala in individuals with reduced structural integrity of the uncinate fasciculus.