RT Journal
A1 Lyoo I, Yoon S, Jacobson AM, et al
T1 Prefrontal cortical deficits in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Brain correlates of comorbid depression
JF Archives of General Psychiatry
JO Archives of General Psychiatry
YR 2012
FD December 1
VO 69
IS 12
SP 1267
OP 1276
DO 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.543
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.543
AB Context 
                  Neural substrates that may be responsible for the high prevalence of depression in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have not yet been elucidated.Objective 
                  To investigate neuroanatomic correlates of depression in T1DM.Design 
                  Case-control study using high-resolution brain magnetic resonance images.Settings 
                  Joslin Diabetes Center and McLean Hospital, Massachusetts, and Seoul National University Hospital, South Korea.Participants 
                  A total of 125 patients with T1DM (44 subjects with ≥1 previous depressive episodes [T1DM-depression group] and 81 subjects who had never experienced depressive episodes [T1DM-only group]), 23 subjects without T1DM but with 1 or more previous depressive episodes (depression group), and 38 healthy subjects (control group).Main Outcome Measures 
                  Spatial distributions of cortical thickness for each diagnostic group were compared with the control group using a surface-based approach. Among patients with T1DM, associations between metabolic control measures and cortical thickness deficits were examined.Results 
                  Thickness reduction in the bilateral superior prefrontal cortical regions was observed in the T1DM-depression, T1DM-only, and depression groups relative to the control group at corrected P < .01. Conjunction analyses demonstrated that thickness reductions related to the influence of T1DM and those related to past depressive episode influence were observed primarily in the superior prefrontal cortical region. Long-term glycemic control levels were associated with superior prefrontal cortical deficits in patients with T1DM (β = −0.19, P = .02).Conclusions 
                  This study provides evidence that thickness reduction of prefrontal cortical regions in patients with T1DM, as modified by long-term glycemic control, could contribute to the increased risk for comorbid depression.