RT Journal
A1 Olfson M, Cherry DK, Lewis-Fernández R
T1 RAcial differences in visit duration of outpatient psychiatric visits
JF Archives of General Psychiatry
JO Archives of General Psychiatry
YR 2009
FD February 1
VO 66
IS 2
SP 214
OP 221
DO 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.523
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.523
AB Context 
    Substantial racial disparities exist in the delivery of some health care services. Whether racial disparities exist in the duration of office visits to psychiatrists is not known.Objective 
    To compare the duration of visits to office-based psychiatrists by white and African American patients. Design, Setting, and Participants 
    Analysis of a nationally representative sample of visits to office-based psychiatrists between 2001 and 2006. Visits were grouped by patient race as non-Hispanic African American (n = 504) or non-Hispanic white (n = 7094).Main Outcome Measure 
    Duration of face-to-face contact between patient and psychiatrist.Results 
    Unadjusted mean duration of psychiatric outpatient visits by African Americans (mean duration, 28.3 minutes) were 4.4 minutes shorter than visits by whites (32.7 minutes) (P = .02), although the difference narrowed (3.5 minutes; P = .07) following adjustment for potentially confounding patient, psychiatrist, and practice characteristics. A gap was evident in 2001-2003 (7.4 minutes; P <.001) but negligible in 2004-2006 (0.1 minute; P = .94). In stratified regressions that combined time periods and controlled for several relevant characteristics, significant racial differences in visit duration were observed among visits with the following characteristics: adjustment disorder diagnosis (10.0 minutes; P <.001), female patient sex (5.4 minutes; P = .008), depressive disorder diagnosis (5.2 minutes; P = .04), solo practice (5.2 minutes; P = .04), psychotherapy provision (5.1 minutes; P = .01), practices with high patient volume (5.0 minutes; P = .03), Medicare payment (3.5 minutes; P = .02), and absence of psychiatric comorbidity (3.3 minutes; P = .04).Conclusions 
    In recent years, progress has been made in closing a racial gap in the length of psychiatric office-based outpatient visits by African American vs white patients. Against a backdrop of persisting racial disparities in other areas of mental health care, ongoing attention to reducing disparities will be necessary to sustain and extend these gains.