RT Journal
A1 Bigos KL, Mattay VS, Callicott JH, et al
T1 GEnetic variation in cacna1c affects brain circuitries related to mental illness
JF Archives of General Psychiatry
JO Archives of General Psychiatry
YR 2010
FD September 1
VO 67
IS 9
SP 939
OP 945
DO 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.96
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.96
AB Context 
    The CACNA1C gene (α-1C subunit of the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel) has been identified as a risk gene for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, but the mechanism of association has not been explored.Objective 
    To identify the neural system mechanism that explains the genetic association between the CACNA1C gene and psychiatric illness using neuroimaging and human brain expression.Design 
    We used blood oxygenation level–dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure brain activation in circuitries related to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia by comparing CACNA1C genotype groups among healthy subjects. We tested the effect of genotype on messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of CACNA1C in postmortem human brain. A case-control analysis was used to determine the association of CACNA1C genotype with schizophrenia.Setting 
    National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.Patients 
    Healthy men and women of white race/ethnicity participated in the fMRI study. Postmortem samples from normal human brains were used for the brain expression study. Patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects were used in the case-control analysis.Main Outcome Measures 
    BOLD fMRI, mRNA levels in postmortem brain samples, and genetic association with schizophrenia.Results 
    The risk-associated single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs1006737) in CACNA1C predicted increased hippocampal activity during emotional processing (P = .001 uncorrected, P(false recovery rate [FDR]) = .05, z = 3.20) and increased prefrontal activity during executive cognition (P = 2.8e-05 uncorrected, PFDR = .01, z = 4.03). The risk-associated SNP also predicted increased expression of CACNA1C mRNA in human brain (P = .002). CACNA1C was associated with schizophrenia in our case-control sample (odds ratio, 1.77; P = .03).Conclusions 
    The risk-associated SNP in CACNA1C maps to circuitries implicated in genetic risk for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Its effects in human brain expression implicate a molecular and neural system mechanism for the clinical genetic association.