RT Journal
A1 Beesdo K, Lau JF, Guyer AE, et al
T1 COmmon and distinct amygdala-function perturbations in depressed vs anxious adolescents
JF Archives of General Psychiatry
JO Archives of General Psychiatry
YR 2009
FD March 1
VO 66
IS 3
SP 275
OP 285
DO 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.545
UL http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2008.545
AB Context 
    Few studies directly compare amygdala function in depressive and anxiety disorders. Data from longitudinal research emphasize the need for such studies in adolescents.Objective 
    To compare amygdala response to varying attention and emotion conditions among adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) or anxiety disorders, relative to adolescents with no psychopathology.Design 
    Case-control study.Setting 
    Government clinical research institute.Participants 
    Eighty-seven adolescents matched on age, sex, intelligence, and social class: 26 with MDD (14 with and 12 without anxiety disorders), 16 with anxiety disorders but no depression, and 45 without psychopathology.Main Outcome Measures 
    Blood oxygen level–dependent signal in the amygdala, measured by means of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. During imaging, participants viewed facial expressions (neutral, fearful, angry, and happy) while attention was constrained (afraid, hostility, and nose-width ratings) or unconstrained (passive viewing).Results 
    Left and right amygdala activation differed as a function of diagnosis, facial expression, and attention condition both when patients with comorbid MDD and anxiety were included and when they were excluded (group × emotion × attention interactions, P ≤ .03). Focusing on fearful face–viewing events, patients with anxiety and those with MDD both differed in amygdala responses from healthy participants and from each other during passive viewing. However, both MDD and anxiety groups, relative to healthy participants, exhibited similar signs of amygdala hyperactivation to fearful faces when subjectively experienced fear was rated.Conclusions 
    Adolescent MDD and anxiety disorders exhibit common and distinct functional neural correlates during face processing. Attention modulates the degree to which common or distinct amygdala perturbations manifest in these patient groups, relative to healthy peers.