TY  - JOUR
T1  - A national 5-year follow-up of treatment outcomes for cocaine dependence
AU  - Simpson D, Joe GW, Broome KM
Y1  - 2002/06/01
N1  - 10.1001/archpsyc.59.6.538
JO  - Archives of General Psychiatry
SP  - 538
EP  - 544
VL  - 59
IS  - 6
N2  - Background 
    Long-term (5-year) outcomes of community treatment for cocaine dependence were examined in relation to problem severity at treatment entry and treatment exposure throughout the follow-up period.Methods 
    Interviews were conducted at 1 and 5 years after treatment for 708 subjects(from 45 programs in 8 cities) who met DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine dependence when admitted to treatment in 1991-1993. Primary outcome measures included cocaine use and arrests. Self-reported cocaine use showed high overall agreement with urine (79% agreement) and hair (80% agreement) toxicology analyses.Results 
    Weekly cocaine use was reported by 25% of the sample at 5 years, slightly higher than the 21% at 1 year. Similarly, 26% had cocaine detected in urine specimens at follow-up and 18% reported having been arrested. Poorer long-term outcomes were related to higher problem severity at treatment admission and low treatment exposure.Conclusions 
    The large decreases in cocaine use 1 year after treatment discharge were sustained during the 5-year follow-up. Severity of drug and psychosocial problems at intake was predictive of long-term outcomes and outcomes improved in direct relation to level of treatment exposure.
SN  - 0003-990X
M3  - doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.6.538
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.59.6.538
ER  -