TY  - JOUR
T1  - ASsociation between bipolar spectrum features and treatment outcomes in outpatients with major depressive disorder
AU  - Perlis RH, Uher R, Ostacher M, et al
Y1  - 2010/12/06
N1  - 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.179
JO  - Archives of General Psychiatry
SP  - 351
EP  - 360
VL  - 68
IS  - 4
N2  - 
The distinction between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder remains a challenging clinical problem when individuals present with a major depressive episode.1- 3 A number of illness features have been proposed to indicate risk of bipolar disorder in this setting, including earlier age of illness onset,4- 7 greater number of depressive recurrences or briefer episodes,4,6,8- 9 family history of bipolar disorder,6,9- 11 and aspects of temperament such as hyperthymia and cyclothymia.12- 15 Symptomatic differences have also been proposed, among them presence of irritability or anger,16- 19 presence of psychotic symptoms,10- 11,20- 26 suicidality,6,25 and atypical neurovegetative symptoms7,23,27- 29 including psychomotor agitation or slowing.10,30- 31 Moreover, even in individuals who do not meet full syndromal criteria for bipolar I or II disorder, it has been suggested that these illness features may be markers for an underlying bipolar diathesis or bipolar spectrum illness.2,32

SN  - 0003-990X
M3  - doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.179
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.179
ER  -