Dopaminergic Mechanisms of Reduced Basal Ganglia Responses to Hedonic Reward During Interferon Alfa Administration Reduced Basal Ganglia Responses to Hedonic Reward

Capuron L, Pagnoni G, Drake DF, et al. — Mon, 01 Oct 2012 00:00:00 GMT

Context

Inflammatory cytokines or cytokine inducers can alter basal ganglia activity, including reducing responsiveness to rewarding stimuli that may be mediated by cytokine effects on dopamine function.

Objectives

To determine whether long-term administration of the inflammatory cytokine interferon alfa reduces the basal ganglia response to reward and whether such changes are associated with decreased presynaptic striatal dopamine function and altered behavior.

Design

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Setting

Outpatient research unit and neuroimaging facilities at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Patients

Medically stable adults with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection eligible for interferon alfa treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

Neural activity in the ventral striatum during a hedonic reward task as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging, uptake and turnover of radiolabeled fluorodopa F 18 (¹⁸F-dopa) in caudate and putamen using positron emission tomography, and interferon alfa–induced depression, anhedonia, fatigue, and neurotoxicity.

Results

Patients with HCV receiving interferon alfa for 4 to 6 weeks (n = 14) exhibited significantly reduced bilateral activation of the ventral striatum in the win vs lose condition of a gambling task compared with patients with HCV awaiting interferon alfa treatment (n = 14). Reduced activation of the ventral striatum was, in turn, significantly correlated with anhedonia, depression, and fatigue. In a separate longitudinal study, patients with HCV treated with interferon alfa for 4 to 6 weeks (n = 12) exhibited significantly increased ¹⁸F-dopa uptake and decreased ¹⁸F-dopa turnover in caudate and putamen and in the same ventral striatal regions identified in the functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Baseline and percentage change in ¹⁸F-dopa uptake and turnover were correlated with behavioral alterations, including depression, fatigue, and neurotoxicity, during interferon alfa administration.

Conclusions

These data replicate and extend findings that inflammatory stimuli, including inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon alfa, alter basal ganglia activity and behavior in association with significant changes in presynaptic striatal dopamine function consistent with decreased dopamine synthesis or release.

JAMA Psychiatry: Liver Disease Topic Collection

Dopaminergic Mechanisms of Reduced Basal Ganglia Responses to Hedonic Reward During Interferon Alfa Administration Reduced Basal Ganglia Responses to Hedonic Reward